Key findings from Neandertal genome sequencing

The rest of the article basically admits that it will be hard to know anything for sure from a partial (60%) sequencing of a very small amount of DNA from two individuals.

The genome is compiled from three shards of limb bone from Vindija Cave that turned out to be from two females. With publication and release of the data expected in the next 6 months, our ability to examine the molecular details of human evolution is poised to explode. So far, the new data suggest that the human and Neandertal lineages began to diverge some 800,000 years ago, in line with the most recent estimates from partial genomic data, Pääbo reported at the press conference. Early analyses have yielded no sign of introgression of modern genes into the Neandertal sequence, supporting the idea that Neandertals did not interbreed with modern humans during the thousands of years the two species shared territory in Europe (see p. 870).

via NEANDERTAL GENOMICS: Tales of a Prehistoric Human Genome — Pennisi 323 (5916): 866 — Science.